Николай Кибальчич в истории мировой ракетно-космической техники: дискуссионные вопросы отечественной и зарубежной историиографии
Рубрика:
| Савчук, ВС, Кушлакова, НН, Вавилова, ИБ |
| Косм. наука технол. 2019, 25 ;(6):70-83 |
| https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2019.06.070 |
| Язык публикации: Английский |
Аннотация: Статья посвящена истории ракетно-космической техники и дискуссионным вопросам относительно роли Николая И. Кибальчича в формировании принципов создания космических летательных аппаратов. Народоволец Николай И. Кибальчич, находясь перед казнью в тюремном заключении за участие в покушении на царя Александра II, разработал проект «воздухоплавательного прибора». В основу этого проекта он положил ракетодинамический принцип. Его проект считается одним из первых, если не первым проектом ракетной техники, открывающим возможность полетов в космическом пространстве. Однако, как показало наше исследование, такая точка зрения разделяется не всеми, кто изучает историю освоения космоса и ракетно-космической техники. В статье рассмотрены подходы и взгляды, представленные в различных источ-никах, относительно роли Н. И. Кибальчича в истории ракетно-космической техники. Приведены оценки этой роли исследователями Украины, России, бывшего Советского Союза. Проанализированы взгляды на изобретение Николая И. Кибальчича и его роль в развитии инженерной мысли в работах европейских и американских ученых.
Определены основне тренды альтернативных взглядов о проекте Николая И. Кибальчича. Критический анализ различных точек зрения выявил ряд факторов, оказавших и оказывающих негативное влияние на взгляды ученых, рассматривающих этот вклад. Среди таких факторов отмечаем революционную деятельность Николая И. Кибальчича, его участие в убийстве царя, идеологизацию его имени в контексте создания «полезного прошлого» для советской космической программы, интерпретацию его технического проекта как неприменимого к ракетно-космической технике и т. п. Проведенный анализ и его обсуждение дают основания для отказа от использования таких суждений для оценки инженерного вклада Николая И. Кибальчича.
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| Ключевые слова: выдающиеся личности: Николай Кибальчич, история космонавтики, ракетно-космическая техника, ракетостроение |
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