Фізика геокосмічних бур
Рубрика:
| Чорногор, ЛФ |
| Space Sci. & Technol. 2021, 27 ;(1):03-77 |
| https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2021.01.003 |
| Мова публікації: Українська |
Анотація: Представлено огляд сучасного стану знань про взаємозв’язок сонячно-земних процесів, прояви геокосмічних бур (ГБ) і варіації атмосферно-космічної погоди. Ефекти геокосмічних бур аналізуються з позицій системної парадигми. Системою, в якій розвиваються геокосмічні бурі, є об’єкт Сонце — міжпланетне середовище — магнітосфера — іоносфера — атмосфера — Земля (внутрішні оболонки) (СМСМІАЗ). Детально розглянуто надсильну геокосмічну бурю, що мала місце 7 — 10 листопада 2004 року. Наведено результати комплексних спостережень ефектів цієї бурі. Відзначається, що дослідження фізичних ефектів геокосмічних бур — найважливіший науковий напрям у космічній геофізиці. Проблема взаємодії підсистем у системі СМСМІАЗ протягом ГБ — міждисциплінарна. Для її розв’язання необхідний системний підхід. Проблема носить багатофакторний характер. Реакція підсистем визначається одночасним (синергетичним) впливом низки збурювальних чинників. Важливо, що система СМСМІАЗ — відкрита, нелінійна та нестаціонарна. У ній виявляються прямі та зворотні, позитивні та негативні зв’язки. Зважаючи на багатогранність проявів геокосмічних бур, через унікальність кожної бурі вивчення фізичних ефектів геокосмічних бур далеке від завершення.
Окрім завдань всебічного дослідження фізичних ефектів геокосмічних бур, доволі актуальними залишаються задачі їхнього детального адекватного моделювання та прогнозування. Їхнє розв’язання сприятиме виживанню та стійкому розвитку нашої цивілізації, що опановує усе досконаліші та складніші технології. Що більшим буде технологічний розвиток землян, то уразливішою буде інфраструктура цивілізації до дій сонячних і геокосмічних бур. Запропоновано класифікацію ГБ за значенням функції Акасофу. Введено шість типів і запропоновано індекс ГБ. Запропоновано класифікацію іоносферних бур і збурень за величиною зміни концентрації електронів у максимумі шару F2. Введено п’ять типів іоносферних бур. Запропоновано іоносферний індекс, що описує інтенсивність негативних і позитивних іоносферних бур. Запропоновано класифікацію іоносферних бур і збурень за величиною зміни концентрації електронів в нижній іоносфері. Введено шість типів позитивних іоносферних збурень та запропоновано відповідний іоносферний індекс. Встановлено фізичну схему розвитку кожної групи іоносферних бур і збурень. Показано взаємозв’язок магнітних, іоносферних, атмосферних і електричних бур.
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| Ключові слова: геокосмічна буря, енергетика процесів, класифікація геокосмічних бур, основні ефекти, приклади впливів бур, результати експериментів, системна парадигма, сонячні бурі, статистика та класифікація іоносферних бур, статистика та класифікація магнітних бур |
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