Ukrainian mission to the Moon: how to and with what

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Astronomy and Astrophysics
1Shkuratov, Yu.G, 2Konovalenko, AA, 2Zakharenko, VV, 3Stanislavsky, AA, 3Bannikova, EY, 4Kaydash, VG, 4Stankevich, DG, 4Korokhin, VV, 2Vavriv, DM, 2Galushko, VG, 2Yerin, SN, 2Bubnov, IN, 2Tokarsky, PL, 2Ulyanov, OM, 2Stepkin, SV, 2Lytvynenko, LM, 5Yatskiv, Ya.S, 6Videen, G, 7Zarka, P, 8Rucker, HO
1Institute of Astronomy of V. N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, Kharkiv, Ukraine; Institute of Radio Astronomy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
2Institute of Radio Astronomy of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
3Institute of Radio Astronomy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine; Institute of Astronomy of V.N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, Kharkiv, Ukraine
4Institute of Astronomy of V.N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, Kharkiv, Ukraine
5Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
6Space Science Institute, Boulder, USA
7LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
8Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Space Sci.&Technol. 2018, 24 ;(1):03-30
https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2018.01.003
Publication Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: 
Ukrainian scientific and technical potential in collaboration with other interested countries allows constructing a spacecraft with the payload for exploration of the Moon. In this paper we consider details of such a mission that includes two parts: 1) orbiter exploration from an elongated orbit with a pericenter over the north pole (100 km above the surface) and the apocenter over the south pole (altitude about 3000 km), and 2) exploration with a lander located on the lunar farside near the south pole in the vicinity of the Braude crater. The lander will contain four dipole antennas for various radio astronomy observations from hundreds of kHz to 40 MHz. The lander panoramic camera equipped with color and polarization filters will provide useful observations of horizon glow due to the electrostatic levitation effect of the lunar dust. A HiRes camera operating in two spectral bands is suggested for mapping structural and mineralogical characteristics of young surface formations. Working in a squint mode, the 3-mm radar will map the Moon surface in radio brightness, characterizing its roughness, to improve the lunar topographic model.
Keywords: brightness map of the surface, horizon glow near the pole, low frequency radio astronomy, lunar dust, phase ratio image, radio emission of astrophysical objects, space missions, stretching mode
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