Optimizing the design of a supersonic Planar Dual Bell Nozzle (PDBN)

Heading: 
Space Energy, Power and Propulsion
1Abada, O, 1Kbab, H, 1Haif, S
1Aeronautical Sciences Laboratory (LSA), Aeronautics and Space Studies Institute, Blida, Algeria
Space Sci. & Technol. 2024, 30 ;(2):15-27
https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2024.02.015
Publication Language: English
Abstract: 
Dual bell nozzles present a promising solution for maximizing propulsion efficiency at high altitudes, while also mitigating dangerous side loads at lower altitudes. Such nozzles are comprised of two distinct contours, with the first optimized for low altitude operation, and the second tailored for high altitude conditions. These contours are interconnected at an inflexion point.
      The present study focuses on optimizing the contour design of a planar dual bell nozzle. Leveraging the commercial ANSYS-Fluent software, we conducted an investigation into the influence of the inflection angle on the transition between the two operating modes, examined the flow behavior inside the nozzle, and assessed the impact of the inflection angle on the thrust coefficient (Cf).
Full text (PDF)
References: 

1. Davis K., Fortner E., Heard M., McCallum H., Putzke H. (2015). Experimental and computational investigation of a dual-bell nozzle. in 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 5-9 Jan., 2015, (Florida, 2015).
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-0377

2. Durif O. (2022). Design of de Laval nozzles for gas-phase molecular studies in uniform supersonic flow. Physics of Fluids. Issue 34,
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0060362

3. Hadjadj A., Onofri M. (2009). Nozzle flow separation. Shock Waves. Issue 19, 163-169
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-009-0209-7

4. Hagemann G., Immich H., Van Nguyen T., Dumnov, G.E. (1998). Advanced rocket nozzles. Journal of Propulsion and Power. Issue 14, 620-634
https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5354

5. Hakim, K., HAIF S., and ABADA O. (2023). Design Process and Flow Field Analysis of a Double Divergent Supersonic Nozzle: Enhancing Efficiency and Performance. in International Conference on Pioneer and Innovative Studies,5 - 7 June 2023, (Konya, 2023).

6. Horn M., Fisher S. (1993). Dual-bell altitude compensating nozzles. Pennsylvania State Univ., NASA Propulsion Engineering Research Center, Volume 2, 1993.

7. Kbab H., Abada O., Haif S. (2023). Numerical Investigation of Supersonic Flows on Innovative Nozzles (Dual Bell Nozzle). Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. Issue 16, 819-829.
https://doi.org/10.47176/jafm.16.04.1551

8. Khan S.A., Ibrahim O.M. Aabid A. (2021). CFD analysis of compressible flows in a convergent-divergent nozzle. Materials Today: Proceedings. Issue 46, 2835-2842
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.074

9. Micbael R., Goldman L. Computer program for design of two-dimensional supersonic nozzle with sharp-edged throat. NASA TM X-1502.

10. Nurnberger-Génin, C., Stark R. (2010). Experimental study on flow transition in dual bell nozzles. Journal of Propulsion and Power. Issue 26, 497-502
https://doi.org/10.2514/1.47282

11. Ostlund J., Muhammad-Klingmann B. (2005). Supersonic flow separation with application to rocket engine nozzles. Appl. Mech. Rev. Issue 58, 143-177
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1894402

12. Reijasse P., Coponet D., Luyssen J.M., Bar V., Palerm S., Oswald J., Kuszla P. (2011). Wall pressure and thrust of a dual bell nozzle in a cold gas facility. Progress in Propulsion Physics. Issue 2, 655-674.
https://doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201102655

13. Schneider, D., Génin C. (2016). Numerical investigation of flow transition behavior in cold flow dual-bell rocket nozzles. Journal of Propulsion and Power. Issue 32, 1212-1219.
https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B36010

14. Schomberg K. A., Doig G., Olsen J., Neely A.J. (2014). Geometric analysis of the linear expansion-deflection nozzle at highly overexpanded flow conditions. in 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 28-30 July, 2014, (Cleveland, 2014).
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-4001

15. Schomberg K., Olsen J., Neely A., Doig G. (2014). Experimental analysis of a linear expansion-deflection nozzle at highly overexpanded conditions. in 19th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, 8-11 December, 2014, (Melbourne, 2014).
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-4001

16. Shrivastava K., Das A.K., Saha U.K. (2023). A Neural Network Based Design of a Planar Double Divergent Nozzle. in 25th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, May 28 - June 1, 2023, (Karnataka, 2023).
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3104

17. Verma, S., Hadjadj A., Haidn O. (2015). Unsteady flow conditions during dual-bell sneak transition. Journal of Propulsion and Power. Issue 31, 1175-1183.
https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B35558

18. Verma, S., Stark R., Haidn O. (2013). Reynolds number influence on dual-bell transition phenomena. Journal of Propulsion and Power. Issue 29, 602-609.
https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B34734

19. Zebbiche T. (2008). Supersonic plug nozzle design. in 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. 10-13 July, 2005, (Arizona, 2005).
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-4490