RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF STORAGE AND FEED SYSTEMS OF ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEMS
Heading:
| 1Asmolovskyi, SYu., 2Yurkov, BV, 2Voronovskyi, DK, 3Bondarenko, SG 1Space Electric Thruster Systems, Dnipro, Ukraine 2Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine; Space Electric Thruster Systems, Dnipro, Ukraine 3Oles Honchar National University of Dnipropetrovsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine |
| Space Sci. & Technol. 2026, 32 ;(2):22-64 |
| https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2026.02.022 |
| Publication Language: Українська |
Abstract: In recent years, electric propulsion systems have become widely used in spacecraft due to their high propellant utilization effi -
ciency. Th e most common types are electric propulsion systems based on Hall-eff ect or ion thrusters operating on inert gases. Propellant storage and feed systems are essential subsystems of an electric propulsion system. Th ey maintain the required propellant pressure and mass fl ow rate at the thruster, ensuring stable and effi cient thruster operation. Th is article presents the results of a retrospective review of propellant storage and feed systems for electric propulsion units based on Hall-eff ect and ion thrusters using inert gases as propellants. Th e study analyzes 103 systems and their components over the period from 1988 to 2025, of which 47 have confi rmed fl ight heritage and have been used on more than 1060 spacecraft . Th e data on the confi guration and parameters of propellant storage and feed systems are summarized, including the number and volume of tanks, propellant mass and fi lling parameters, types of isolation valves, approaches to pressure reduction and fl ow control, pressure and fl ow regulation accuracy, and other characteristics. Based on the aggregated data, an analysis of the historical development of these systems, along with changes in their confi gurations and parameters over time, has been conducted. Th e main technologies and operating principles of these systems are identifi ed, along with a classifi cation based on their operating principles and an overview of their advantages and disadvantages. Promising technologies and those that are currently rarely used are also highlighted. Th is work is a comprehensive review and synthesis of the development of propellant storage and feed systems for electric propulsion systems, which is of signifi cant importance for further research in this fi eld. |
| Keywords: electric propulsion system, feed system, propellant fl ow controller, propellant management assembly, storage system |
References:
Al Suwaidi A. (2012). DubaiSat-2 mission overview. Sensors, systems, and next-generation satellites XVI, 8533, Article 85330W.
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.974469
Andreussi T., Giannetti V., Kitaeva A., Reza M., Ferrato E., Faraji F., Piragino A., Pedrini D., Paissoni C., Casali E. (2021). Development
activities on the engineering qualifi cation model of Sitael’s 5kW-class Hall thruster unit. Space Propulsion Conf.
2020+1 (SP2020-00521).
Appel L., Medvinsky G., Shoor B., Sirota A., Zimmerman R, Lev D., Epstein O. (2022). Integration test of the R-800 low power
Hall thruster electric propulsion system. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2022-358).
ArianeGroup. (n.d.) Pressure regulator for ion space propulsion systems. URL: https://www.space-propulsion.com/spacecraft -
propulsion/valves/pressure-regulator.html (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Asmolovskyi S., Yurkov B. (2023). Analysis of the eff ect of changing the working substance from xenon to alternative inert
gases on the parameters of the Hall-type electric propulsion system. System Design and Analysis of Aerospace Technique
Characteristics, 33(2), 3—22. https://doi.org/10.15421/472308
AST Advanced Space Technologies GmbH. (n.d.). Electric Pressure Regulator (EPR). URL: https://ast-space.com/wp-content/
uploads/2023/11/Datasheet-EPR_V1.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
AST Advanced Space Technologies GmbH. (n.d.). High-Pressure Flow Control Unit (HP-FCU). URL: https://ast-space.com/
wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Datasheet-HP-FCU_V1.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
AST Advanced Space Technologies GmbH. (n.d.). Low-Pressure Flow Control Unit (LP-FCU). URL: https://ast-space.com/wpcontent/
uploads/2023/11/Datasheet-LP_FCU_V1.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Aydın B., Uluşen D., Gülle I., Yurttaş Y., Cherkun O., Tsybulnyk A., Neugodnikov S. (2017). TURKSAT6A communication
satellite electric propulsion subsystem development status. 34th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-384).
Banks R., Stellrecht E. (2017). Elimination of feed system envelope by integration of feed system components inside a composite
overwrapped propellant tank. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-255).
Barbarits J., King P. (2006). Xenon feed system progress. 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. Exhibit. American
Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4846
Barbier P., Fendler Y., Martin F., Guilbaud E., Carpentier S., Lasgorceix P., Boniface C. (2018). Innovative xenon regulation for
electric propulsion. Space Propulsion Conf. 2018 (SP2018-519).
Barnhart D., McCombe J., Tilley D. (1993). Electric propulsion integration activities on the MSTI spacecraft . 23rd Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1993-011).
Bassner H., Berg H., Fetzer K. (1991). Ion propulsion package for N/S — stationkeeping of the ARTEMIS satellite. 22nd Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1991-055).
Bassner H., Silvi M., van Holz L., Bartoli C. (1993). Ion propulsion: A key enabler on ESA’s DRTM programme. 23rd Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1993-059).
Beattie J. R., Matossian J. N. (1990). Xenon ion sources for space applications. Review of scientifi c instruments, 61(1), 348—353.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1141291
Beattie J. R., Matossian J. N., Robson R. (1990). Status of xenon ion propulsion technology. J. Propulsion and Power, 6(2),
145—150. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23236
Beattie J. R., Matossian J. N., Poeschel R. L., Rogers W. P., Martinelli R. M. (1989). Xenon ion propulsion subsystem. J. Propulsion
and Power, 5(4), 438—444. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23174
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.974469
Andreussi T., Giannetti V., Kitaeva A., Reza M., Ferrato E., Faraji F., Piragino A., Pedrini D., Paissoni C., Casali E. (2021). Development
activities on the engineering qualifi cation model of Sitael’s 5kW-class Hall thruster unit. Space Propulsion Conf.
2020+1 (SP2020-00521).
Appel L., Medvinsky G., Shoor B., Sirota A., Zimmerman R, Lev D., Epstein O. (2022). Integration test of the R-800 low power
Hall thruster electric propulsion system. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2022-358).
ArianeGroup. (n.d.) Pressure regulator for ion space propulsion systems. URL: https://www.space-propulsion.com/spacecraft -
propulsion/valves/pressure-regulator.html (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Asmolovskyi S., Yurkov B. (2023). Analysis of the eff ect of changing the working substance from xenon to alternative inert
gases on the parameters of the Hall-type electric propulsion system. System Design and Analysis of Aerospace Technique
Characteristics, 33(2), 3—22. https://doi.org/10.15421/472308
AST Advanced Space Technologies GmbH. (n.d.). Electric Pressure Regulator (EPR). URL: https://ast-space.com/wp-content/
uploads/2023/11/Datasheet-EPR_V1.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
AST Advanced Space Technologies GmbH. (n.d.). High-Pressure Flow Control Unit (HP-FCU). URL: https://ast-space.com/
wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Datasheet-HP-FCU_V1.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
AST Advanced Space Technologies GmbH. (n.d.). Low-Pressure Flow Control Unit (LP-FCU). URL: https://ast-space.com/wpcontent/
uploads/2023/11/Datasheet-LP_FCU_V1.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Aydın B., Uluşen D., Gülle I., Yurttaş Y., Cherkun O., Tsybulnyk A., Neugodnikov S. (2017). TURKSAT6A communication
satellite electric propulsion subsystem development status. 34th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-384).
Banks R., Stellrecht E. (2017). Elimination of feed system envelope by integration of feed system components inside a composite
overwrapped propellant tank. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-255).
Barbarits J., King P. (2006). Xenon feed system progress. 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. Exhibit. American
Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4846
Barbier P., Fendler Y., Martin F., Guilbaud E., Carpentier S., Lasgorceix P., Boniface C. (2018). Innovative xenon regulation for
electric propulsion. Space Propulsion Conf. 2018 (SP2018-519).
Barnhart D., McCombe J., Tilley D. (1993). Electric propulsion integration activities on the MSTI spacecraft . 23rd Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1993-011).
Bassner H., Berg H., Fetzer K. (1991). Ion propulsion package for N/S — stationkeeping of the ARTEMIS satellite. 22nd Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1991-055).
Bassner H., Silvi M., van Holz L., Bartoli C. (1993). Ion propulsion: A key enabler on ESA’s DRTM programme. 23rd Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1993-059).
Beattie J. R., Matossian J. N. (1990). Xenon ion sources for space applications. Review of scientifi c instruments, 61(1), 348—353.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1141291
Beattie J. R., Matossian J. N., Robson R. (1990). Status of xenon ion propulsion technology. J. Propulsion and Power, 6(2),
145—150. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23236
Beattie J. R., Matossian J. N., Poeschel R. L., Rogers W. P., Martinelli R. M. (1989). Xenon ion propulsion subsystem. J. Propulsion
and Power, 5(4), 438—444. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23174
Beattie J. R., Robson R., Williams J. D. (1993). Flight qualifi cation of an 18-mN Xenon ion thruster. 23rd Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-1993-106).
Bejhed J., Jonsson K., Gronland T. A., Rangsten P. (2013). Advanced fl ow control devices based on MEMS technology for electric
propulsion. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-368).
Bekaan K., Dartsch H., Stomas A., Harmann H. P. (2012). Behaviour of pressure sensors under the infl uence of ionizing and
non-ionizing radiation. Space Propulsion Conf. 2022 (SP2022-321).
Berg H., Bassner H. (1990). Propellant storage and feed system for the radiofrequency ion propulsion assembly RITA. 21st Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2592
Berger M., Harmann H.-P. (2022). Propellant management units for electric propulsion thrusters in series production and in
update for new applications. Space Propulsion Conf. 2022 (SP2022-244).
Bober A., Kozulosky K., Komarrow G., Maslennikov N., Kozolov A., Romashko A. (1993). Development and qualifi cation test
of a SPT electric propulsion system for «Gals» spacecraft . 23rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1993-008).
Bradford. (n.d.). Flow Control Unit (FCU). URL: https://satsearch.co/products/bradford-fl ow-control-unit (Last accessed:
March 11, 2025).
Bravais P., Salome R., Gelas C. (2003). Improved Xenon loading equipment with loading capacity up to 1200 kg for Alphabus.
28th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2003-172).
Bravais P., Teissier A., Ribas F., Dulau O., Montfort E., Grassin T. (1999). Xenon ground support equipment for plasmic propulsion
system. 26th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1999-055).
Broggi P., Dartsch H., Harmann H. (2024). Development of a fl ow management system for very high fl ow-rates. 38th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-751).
Brophy J. (2011). Th e Dawn ion propulsion system. Space Sci. Reviews, 163(1-4), 251—261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-
011-9848-y
Brophy J., Garner C., Nakazono B., Marcucci M., Henry M., Noon D. (2003). Th e ion propulsion system for Dawn. 39th
AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://
doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4542
Brophy J., Marcucci M., Gates J., Garner C., Nakazono B., Ganapathi G. (2004). Status of the Dawn ion propulsion system. 40th
AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://
doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3433
Brophy J., Rayman M., Pavri B. (2008). Dawn: An ion-propelled journey to the beginning of the solar system. 2008 IEEE Aerospace
Conf. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2008.4526264
Brus T., Berger, M. (2024). High pressure fl ow control units for electric propulsion modules. Space propulsion Conference 2024
(SP2024-211).
Burat, İ., Çal B., Güllü S., K., Yurttaş Y., Deniz G. (2025). Th e orbit performance of electric propulsion system developed at
TUBITAK UZAY for GEO communication satellite. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-306).
Bushway E., Rogers, W. (1997). Miniature lightweight propellant management assembly for stationary plasma thrusters. 33rd
Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit, 2788. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2788
Bushway E., Engelbrecht C., Ganapathi G. (1997). NSTAR ion engine xenon feed system: Introduction to system design and
development. 25th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-97-044).
Bushway, E., Perini R. (2000). Proportional fl ow control valve (PFCV) for electric propulsion systems. 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/
ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-
3745
Bushway E., King P., Drew J. (2004). Recent developments in electric propulsion feed systems at Moog Inc. 4th Int. Spacecraft
Propulsion Conf. (ESA SP-555).
Bushway E., King P., Engelbrecht C., Werthman L. (2001). A xenon fl owrate controller for hall current thruster applications.
27th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-01-315).
Cardin J., Bhandari R., Rezaei R., Owen D., Hargus W. (2019). Shape memory alloy isolation valve (SMAIV) development and
testing. AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum, 4121. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4121
Cardin J., Cook W., Bhandari R. (2013). Qualifi cation of an advanced xenon fl ow control module. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2013-382).
Carpentier S., Fendler Y., Barbier P., Martin F., Guilbaud E., Boniface C., Giesen, G. (2019). Innovative xenon/krypton feed
management system for electric propulsion. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-A-601).
Carpentier S., Fendler Y., Besancon T., Barbier P., Guilbaud E., Giesen G., Cordesse P. (2021). Maturation of a disruptive xenon/
krypton compatible fl uid management system for electric propulsion: From R&D to serial. Space Propulsion Conf. 2020+1.
Casaregola C. (2013). Electric propulsion for commercial applications: In-fl ight experience and perspective at Eutelsat. 33rd
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-332).
Conf. (IEPC-1993-106).
Bejhed J., Jonsson K., Gronland T. A., Rangsten P. (2013). Advanced fl ow control devices based on MEMS technology for electric
propulsion. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-368).
Bekaan K., Dartsch H., Stomas A., Harmann H. P. (2012). Behaviour of pressure sensors under the infl uence of ionizing and
non-ionizing radiation. Space Propulsion Conf. 2022 (SP2022-321).
Berg H., Bassner H. (1990). Propellant storage and feed system for the radiofrequency ion propulsion assembly RITA. 21st Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2592
Berger M., Harmann H.-P. (2022). Propellant management units for electric propulsion thrusters in series production and in
update for new applications. Space Propulsion Conf. 2022 (SP2022-244).
Bober A., Kozulosky K., Komarrow G., Maslennikov N., Kozolov A., Romashko A. (1993). Development and qualifi cation test
of a SPT electric propulsion system for «Gals» spacecraft . 23rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1993-008).
Bradford. (n.d.). Flow Control Unit (FCU). URL: https://satsearch.co/products/bradford-fl ow-control-unit (Last accessed:
March 11, 2025).
Bravais P., Salome R., Gelas C. (2003). Improved Xenon loading equipment with loading capacity up to 1200 kg for Alphabus.
28th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2003-172).
Bravais P., Teissier A., Ribas F., Dulau O., Montfort E., Grassin T. (1999). Xenon ground support equipment for plasmic propulsion
system. 26th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1999-055).
Broggi P., Dartsch H., Harmann H. (2024). Development of a fl ow management system for very high fl ow-rates. 38th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-751).
Brophy J. (2011). Th e Dawn ion propulsion system. Space Sci. Reviews, 163(1-4), 251—261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-
011-9848-y
Brophy J., Garner C., Nakazono B., Marcucci M., Henry M., Noon D. (2003). Th e ion propulsion system for Dawn. 39th
AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://
doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4542
Brophy J., Marcucci M., Gates J., Garner C., Nakazono B., Ganapathi G. (2004). Status of the Dawn ion propulsion system. 40th
AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://
doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3433
Brophy J., Rayman M., Pavri B. (2008). Dawn: An ion-propelled journey to the beginning of the solar system. 2008 IEEE Aerospace
Conf. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2008.4526264
Brus T., Berger, M. (2024). High pressure fl ow control units for electric propulsion modules. Space propulsion Conference 2024
(SP2024-211).
Burat, İ., Çal B., Güllü S., K., Yurttaş Y., Deniz G. (2025). Th e orbit performance of electric propulsion system developed at
TUBITAK UZAY for GEO communication satellite. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-306).
Bushway E., Rogers, W. (1997). Miniature lightweight propellant management assembly for stationary plasma thrusters. 33rd
Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit, 2788. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2788
Bushway E., Engelbrecht C., Ganapathi G. (1997). NSTAR ion engine xenon feed system: Introduction to system design and
development. 25th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-97-044).
Bushway, E., Perini R. (2000). Proportional fl ow control valve (PFCV) for electric propulsion systems. 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/
ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-
3745
Bushway E., King P., Drew J. (2004). Recent developments in electric propulsion feed systems at Moog Inc. 4th Int. Spacecraft
Propulsion Conf. (ESA SP-555).
Bushway E., King P., Engelbrecht C., Werthman L. (2001). A xenon fl owrate controller for hall current thruster applications.
27th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-01-315).
Cardin J., Bhandari R., Rezaei R., Owen D., Hargus W. (2019). Shape memory alloy isolation valve (SMAIV) development and
testing. AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum, 4121. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4121
Cardin J., Cook W., Bhandari R. (2013). Qualifi cation of an advanced xenon fl ow control module. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2013-382).
Carpentier S., Fendler Y., Barbier P., Martin F., Guilbaud E., Boniface C., Giesen, G. (2019). Innovative xenon/krypton feed
management system for electric propulsion. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-A-601).
Carpentier S., Fendler Y., Besancon T., Barbier P., Guilbaud E., Giesen G., Cordesse P. (2021). Maturation of a disruptive xenon/
krypton compatible fl uid management system for electric propulsion: From R&D to serial. Space Propulsion Conf. 2020+1.
Casaregola C. (2013). Electric propulsion for commercial applications: In-fl ight experience and perspective at Eutelsat. 33rd
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-332).
Casaregola C. (2015). Electric propulsion for commercial applications: In-fl ight experience and perspective at Eutelsat. IEEE
Transactions on Plasma Science, 43(1), 327—331. https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2014.2377782
Casaregola C. (2015). Electric propulsion for station keeping and electric orbit raising on Eutelsat platforms. 34th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2015-97).
Chien K. R., Tighe W., Bond T., Spears R. (2006). An overview of electric propulsion at L-3 communications, Electron Technologies
Inc. 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. Exhibit, 4322. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4322
Cho H.-K., Ryu K., Cha W.-H., Lee J.-S., Seo M.-H., Choi W.-H., Myung N.-H. (2010). STSAT-3 Hall thruster propulsion
system development. J. Korean Soc. Aeronautical Space Sci., 38(8), 834—841. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2010.38.8.834
Clark S., Guarducci F., Marangone D., Lewis R., Daykin-Iliopoulos A. J. N., Gasa K., Skingle G., Turner P., Smirnova M., Mingo
A., McNutt P., Kigonya J., Kuiper J., Wegrzyn E., Wallac N. (2025). Development of a CubeSat propulsion system. 39th Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-705).
Corey R., Pidgeon D. (2009). Electric propulsion at space systems/loral. 31st Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2009-270).
Dandaleix L., Lopez P., Lebeau S., Harmann H. P., Dartsch H., Berger M., Cautru G., Sabia M., Kroboth D. (2022). Pioneering
EP fl uidic feed systems from constellation success stories. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2022-584).
Darnon F., Petitjean L., Diris J. P., Hoarau J., Torres L., Grassin T. (2001). Plasma propulsion on STENTOR satellite: In-fl ight
acceptance operations and experimental program. 27th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-01-167).
De Tata M., Frigor P., Beekmans S. (2013). SGEO electric propulsion subsystem development status and future opportunities.
33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-144).
Delgado J., Baldwin J., Corey R. (2015). Space systems Loral electric propulsion subsystem: 10 years of on-orbit operation. 34th
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2015-04).
Demairé A., Gray H. (2007). Plasma propulsion system functional chain fi rst three years in orbit on Eurostar 3000. 30th Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2007-060).
Di Cara D., Bulit A., Gonzalez del Amo J., Romera J. A., Leiter H., Laner D. (2013). Experimental validation of RIT micropropulsion
subsystem performance at EPL. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-90).
Dickey A., Washeleski R., DeVlieg I., Ford N., Moler J., Makela J., Sommerville J., King L. (2024). Qualifi cation of the Aurora
low-power PMA. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-394).
Ducci C., Pedrini D., Gregucci S., Grassi J., Manzini A., Pace G., Torre L., Hadavandi R., Cifali G., Cocomazzi R., Pulcino V.,
Rinaldi M., Facchinetti C., Kutufà N. (2025). SITAEL low-power system qualifi cation status. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2025-504).
Duchemin O., Leroi V., Öberg M., Bourguignon É., Pardonge M., Scalais T., Lübberstedt H. (2011). Electric propulsion thruster
assembly for small GEO — status update. 32nd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2011-167).
Duchemin O., Leroi V., Öberg M., Le Méhauté D., Pérez Vara R., Demairé A., Kutufa N. (2013). Electric propulsion thruster
assembly for small GEO: End-to-end testing and fi nal delivery. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-222).
Dyer K., Dien A., Kasai Y. (1999). A xenon propellant management sub-unit for ion propulsion. 26th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-1999-143).
Edwards C., Wallace N., Tato C., Van Put P. (2004). Th e T5 ion propulsion assembly for drag compensation on GOCE. GOCE.
Th e Geoid and Oceanography, 569, 37.
Ermoshkin Yu. M., Vnukov A. A., Volkov D. V., Kochev Yu. V., Simanov R. S., Yakimov E. N., Pridannikov, S. Yu. (2022). Th e
feature of the “Express-AMU3”, “Express-AMU7” spacecraft s injecton to geostationary orbit. Siberian Aerospace J., 23(4),
696—707. https://doi.org/10.31772/2712-8970-2022-23-4-696-707.
Ermoshkin Yu. M., Vnukov A. A., Volkov D. V., Kochev Yu. V., Simanov R. S., Yakimov E. N., Grikhin G. S. (2021). Аpplication
of the propulsion subsystem on the base of SPT-100B plasmic thruster to the Express-80 and Express-103 spacecraft ’s orbit
raising and orbit control. Siberian Aerospace J., 22(3), 480—493. https://doi.org/10.31772/2712-8970-2021-22-3-480-493
Exoterra. (n.d.). System components. URL: https://www.exoterra.com/system-components (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Fearn D. (1988). Th e proposed demonstration of the UK-10 ion propulsion system on ESA’s SAT-2 spacecraft . 20th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1988-031).
Fearn D. (1991). Th e UK-10 ion propulsion system-a technology for improving the cost-eff ectiveness of communications
spacecraft . 22nd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1991-009).
Fendler Y., Carpentier S., Barbier P., Martin F., Guilbaud E., Boniface C. (2017). Innovative xenon regulation for electric
propulsion. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-202).
Fisher J., Wilson A., King D., Meyer S., Engelbrecht C., de Grys K., Werthman L. (2001). Th e development and qualifi cation of
a 4.5 kW Hall thruster propulsion system for GEO satellite applications. 27th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-01-010).
Freidl E., Müller W. (2000). Development and testing of electronic pressure regulator (EPR) assembly. Spacecraft Propulsion,
465, 565.
Transactions on Plasma Science, 43(1), 327—331. https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2014.2377782
Casaregola C. (2015). Electric propulsion for station keeping and electric orbit raising on Eutelsat platforms. 34th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2015-97).
Chien K. R., Tighe W., Bond T., Spears R. (2006). An overview of electric propulsion at L-3 communications, Electron Technologies
Inc. 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. Exhibit, 4322. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4322
Cho H.-K., Ryu K., Cha W.-H., Lee J.-S., Seo M.-H., Choi W.-H., Myung N.-H. (2010). STSAT-3 Hall thruster propulsion
system development. J. Korean Soc. Aeronautical Space Sci., 38(8), 834—841. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2010.38.8.834
Clark S., Guarducci F., Marangone D., Lewis R., Daykin-Iliopoulos A. J. N., Gasa K., Skingle G., Turner P., Smirnova M., Mingo
A., McNutt P., Kigonya J., Kuiper J., Wegrzyn E., Wallac N. (2025). Development of a CubeSat propulsion system. 39th Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-705).
Corey R., Pidgeon D. (2009). Electric propulsion at space systems/loral. 31st Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2009-270).
Dandaleix L., Lopez P., Lebeau S., Harmann H. P., Dartsch H., Berger M., Cautru G., Sabia M., Kroboth D. (2022). Pioneering
EP fl uidic feed systems from constellation success stories. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2022-584).
Darnon F., Petitjean L., Diris J. P., Hoarau J., Torres L., Grassin T. (2001). Plasma propulsion on STENTOR satellite: In-fl ight
acceptance operations and experimental program. 27th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-01-167).
De Tata M., Frigor P., Beekmans S. (2013). SGEO electric propulsion subsystem development status and future opportunities.
33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-144).
Delgado J., Baldwin J., Corey R. (2015). Space systems Loral electric propulsion subsystem: 10 years of on-orbit operation. 34th
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2015-04).
Demairé A., Gray H. (2007). Plasma propulsion system functional chain fi rst three years in orbit on Eurostar 3000. 30th Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2007-060).
Di Cara D., Bulit A., Gonzalez del Amo J., Romera J. A., Leiter H., Laner D. (2013). Experimental validation of RIT micropropulsion
subsystem performance at EPL. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-90).
Dickey A., Washeleski R., DeVlieg I., Ford N., Moler J., Makela J., Sommerville J., King L. (2024). Qualifi cation of the Aurora
low-power PMA. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-394).
Ducci C., Pedrini D., Gregucci S., Grassi J., Manzini A., Pace G., Torre L., Hadavandi R., Cifali G., Cocomazzi R., Pulcino V.,
Rinaldi M., Facchinetti C., Kutufà N. (2025). SITAEL low-power system qualifi cation status. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2025-504).
Duchemin O., Leroi V., Öberg M., Bourguignon É., Pardonge M., Scalais T., Lübberstedt H. (2011). Electric propulsion thruster
assembly for small GEO — status update. 32nd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2011-167).
Duchemin O., Leroi V., Öberg M., Le Méhauté D., Pérez Vara R., Demairé A., Kutufa N. (2013). Electric propulsion thruster
assembly for small GEO: End-to-end testing and fi nal delivery. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-222).
Dyer K., Dien A., Kasai Y. (1999). A xenon propellant management sub-unit for ion propulsion. 26th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-1999-143).
Edwards C., Wallace N., Tato C., Van Put P. (2004). Th e T5 ion propulsion assembly for drag compensation on GOCE. GOCE.
Th e Geoid and Oceanography, 569, 37.
Ermoshkin Yu. M., Vnukov A. A., Volkov D. V., Kochev Yu. V., Simanov R. S., Yakimov E. N., Pridannikov, S. Yu. (2022). Th e
feature of the “Express-AMU3”, “Express-AMU7” spacecraft s injecton to geostationary orbit. Siberian Aerospace J., 23(4),
696—707. https://doi.org/10.31772/2712-8970-2022-23-4-696-707.
Ermoshkin Yu. M., Vnukov A. A., Volkov D. V., Kochev Yu. V., Simanov R. S., Yakimov E. N., Grikhin G. S. (2021). Аpplication
of the propulsion subsystem on the base of SPT-100B plasmic thruster to the Express-80 and Express-103 spacecraft ’s orbit
raising and orbit control. Siberian Aerospace J., 22(3), 480—493. https://doi.org/10.31772/2712-8970-2021-22-3-480-493
Exoterra. (n.d.). System components. URL: https://www.exoterra.com/system-components (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Fearn D. (1988). Th e proposed demonstration of the UK-10 ion propulsion system on ESA’s SAT-2 spacecraft . 20th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1988-031).
Fearn D. (1991). Th e UK-10 ion propulsion system-a technology for improving the cost-eff ectiveness of communications
spacecraft . 22nd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1991-009).
Fendler Y., Carpentier S., Barbier P., Martin F., Guilbaud E., Boniface C. (2017). Innovative xenon regulation for electric
propulsion. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-202).
Fisher J., Wilson A., King D., Meyer S., Engelbrecht C., de Grys K., Werthman L. (2001). Th e development and qualifi cation of
a 4.5 kW Hall thruster propulsion system for GEO satellite applications. 27th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-01-010).
Freidl E., Müller W. (2000). Development and testing of electronic pressure regulator (EPR) assembly. Spacecraft Propulsion,
465, 565.
Funaki I., Kuninaka H., Toki K., Shimizu Y., Satori S. (1997). Development of microwave discharge ion engine system for
asteroid sample and return mission MUSES-C. J. Space Technology and Sci., 13(1), 26—34. https://doi.org/10.11230/
jsts.13.1_26
Funaki I., Sano T., Fukatsu T., Hisamoto Y., Koda D., Nakajima Y., Imai S. (2022). Th e updated R&D status of 6-kW-class Hallthrusters
at JAXA. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2022-328).
Ganapathi G., Engelbrecht C. (1999). Post-launch performance characterization of the xenon feed system on Deep Space One.
35th Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-
2273
Ganapathi G., Engelbrecht C. (2000). Performance of the Xenon Feed System on Deep Space One. J. Spacecraft and Rockets,
37(3), 392—398. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3573
Ganteil D., Varlet F., Corbel C., Kirch P., Blanco C., Serafi ni L., Lampredi A., Collingwood C. (2024). TPPRE, XPRU and RA
coupling test for MSR-ERO. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-677).
Garner C., Rayman M., Brophy J. (2015). In-fl ight operation of the Dawn ion propulsion system-arrival at Ceres. 34th Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2015-88).
Garnero P. (2003). ASTRA 1k and STENTOR plasma propulsion subsystem experience. 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint
Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4547.
Girard M., Morvan A., De Souza Medeiros G. (2025). Flight heritage of SpaceWare™ micro Hall eff ect systems: Focus on
SpaceVan™-001 mission. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-570).
Glascock M. (2025). Updates on in-orbit operations of the Halo8 electric propulsion system. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2025-623).
Glascock M., Kiefer E., Woerkom M. (2022). Performance and capability overview of the Halo electric propulsion system. 37th
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2022-301).
Glascock M., Kornasiewicz D., Tilley K. (2024). In-orbit performance of the Halo electric propulsion system. 38th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-312).
Glogowski M., Anderson J., Herbert G., Kodys A., Llorens W. (2019). Application of solar electric propulsion in the emerging
satellite servicing industry. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-753).
Gorbunov A., Khodnenko V., Khromov A., Murashko V., Koryakin A., Zhasan V., Katasonov N. (2011). Vernier propulsion
system for small earth remote sensing satellite “Canopus-V”. 32nd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2011-001).
Grassin T., Dulau O., Ragot X., Brize L., Mattei N. (2000). Plasma propulsion activities at ALCATEL. 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/
ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3425
Grassin T., Petitjean L. (1999). Plasmic propulsion system on STENTOR program. 26th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-
1999-051).
Gray H. (1997). Design and development of an electronic pressure regulator for use on ion propulsion systems. 25th Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1997-033).
Gray H., Bolter J., Kempkens K., Randall P., Wallace N. (2019). BepiColombo--the mercury transfer module. 36th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-606).
Gray H., Provost S., Glogowski M., Demaire A. (2005). Inmarsat 4F1 plasma propulsion system initial fl ight operations. 29th
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2005-082).
Gray H., Sutherland O. (2013). Development and qualifi cation status of the electric propulsion system for the BepiColombo
mission. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-114).
Green S., Reese B., Riley R., Alhammadi M., Ameri M. A., Duchemin O. (2025). Leveraging existing electric propulsion
capabilities for the Emirates mission to the asteroid belt. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-537).
Grubisic A., Clark S., Wallace N., Collingwood C., Guarducci F. (2011). Qualifi cation of the T6 ion thruster for the BepiColombo
mission to the planet mercury. 32nd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2011-234).
Guan C., Shen Y., Wey Y., Wang Z., Hu Y., Hui H., Nan K., Han L. (2020). Review and prospect of xenon feeding system for
space electric thruster. J. Astronautics, 41(3), 251. https://doi.org/10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2020.03.001
Harmann H., Rothaus S., Wanot G. (2013). μFCU-A miniaturized fl ow control unit for xenon. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2013-227).
Harmann H-P., Berger M., (2022). Building blocks for EP propellant management systems. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2022-583).
Harmann H-P., Dartsch H., (2015). Status of the miniaturized fl ow control “μFCU”. 30th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-
2015-366).
Herman D., Gray T., Johnson I., Hussein S., Winkelmann T. (2022). Development and qualifi cation status of the electric
propulsion systems for the NASA PPE mission and gateway program. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2022-465).
asteroid sample and return mission MUSES-C. J. Space Technology and Sci., 13(1), 26—34. https://doi.org/10.11230/
jsts.13.1_26
Funaki I., Sano T., Fukatsu T., Hisamoto Y., Koda D., Nakajima Y., Imai S. (2022). Th e updated R&D status of 6-kW-class Hallthrusters
at JAXA. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2022-328).
Ganapathi G., Engelbrecht C. (1999). Post-launch performance characterization of the xenon feed system on Deep Space One.
35th Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-
2273
Ganapathi G., Engelbrecht C. (2000). Performance of the Xenon Feed System on Deep Space One. J. Spacecraft and Rockets,
37(3), 392—398. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3573
Ganteil D., Varlet F., Corbel C., Kirch P., Blanco C., Serafi ni L., Lampredi A., Collingwood C. (2024). TPPRE, XPRU and RA
coupling test for MSR-ERO. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-677).
Garner C., Rayman M., Brophy J. (2015). In-fl ight operation of the Dawn ion propulsion system-arrival at Ceres. 34th Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2015-88).
Garnero P. (2003). ASTRA 1k and STENTOR plasma propulsion subsystem experience. 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint
Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4547.
Girard M., Morvan A., De Souza Medeiros G. (2025). Flight heritage of SpaceWare™ micro Hall eff ect systems: Focus on
SpaceVan™-001 mission. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-570).
Glascock M. (2025). Updates on in-orbit operations of the Halo8 electric propulsion system. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2025-623).
Glascock M., Kiefer E., Woerkom M. (2022). Performance and capability overview of the Halo electric propulsion system. 37th
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2022-301).
Glascock M., Kornasiewicz D., Tilley K. (2024). In-orbit performance of the Halo electric propulsion system. 38th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-312).
Glogowski M., Anderson J., Herbert G., Kodys A., Llorens W. (2019). Application of solar electric propulsion in the emerging
satellite servicing industry. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-753).
Gorbunov A., Khodnenko V., Khromov A., Murashko V., Koryakin A., Zhasan V., Katasonov N. (2011). Vernier propulsion
system for small earth remote sensing satellite “Canopus-V”. 32nd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2011-001).
Grassin T., Dulau O., Ragot X., Brize L., Mattei N. (2000). Plasma propulsion activities at ALCATEL. 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/
ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3425
Grassin T., Petitjean L. (1999). Plasmic propulsion system on STENTOR program. 26th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-
1999-051).
Gray H. (1997). Design and development of an electronic pressure regulator for use on ion propulsion systems. 25th Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1997-033).
Gray H., Bolter J., Kempkens K., Randall P., Wallace N. (2019). BepiColombo--the mercury transfer module. 36th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-606).
Gray H., Provost S., Glogowski M., Demaire A. (2005). Inmarsat 4F1 plasma propulsion system initial fl ight operations. 29th
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2005-082).
Gray H., Sutherland O. (2013). Development and qualifi cation status of the electric propulsion system for the BepiColombo
mission. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-114).
Green S., Reese B., Riley R., Alhammadi M., Ameri M. A., Duchemin O. (2025). Leveraging existing electric propulsion
capabilities for the Emirates mission to the asteroid belt. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-537).
Grubisic A., Clark S., Wallace N., Collingwood C., Guarducci F. (2011). Qualifi cation of the T6 ion thruster for the BepiColombo
mission to the planet mercury. 32nd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2011-234).
Guan C., Shen Y., Wey Y., Wang Z., Hu Y., Hui H., Nan K., Han L. (2020). Review and prospect of xenon feeding system for
space electric thruster. J. Astronautics, 41(3), 251. https://doi.org/10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2020.03.001
Harmann H., Rothaus S., Wanot G. (2013). μFCU-A miniaturized fl ow control unit for xenon. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2013-227).
Harmann H-P., Berger M., (2022). Building blocks for EP propellant management systems. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2022-583).
Harmann H-P., Dartsch H., (2015). Status of the miniaturized fl ow control “μFCU”. 30th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-
2015-366).
Herman D., Gray T., Johnson I., Hussein S., Winkelmann T. (2022). Development and qualifi cation status of the electric
propulsion systems for the NASA PPE mission and gateway program. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2022-465).
Herman D., Tofi l T., Santiago W., Kamhawi H., Polk J., Snyder J. S., Hofer R., Picha F., Schmidt G. (2017). Overview of the
development of the advanced electric propulsion system (AEPS). 68th Int. Astronautical Congress (IAC-17.C4.4.2).
Herman D., Tofi l T., Santiago W., Kamhawi H., Polk J., Snyder J., Hofer R., Picha F., Jackson J., Allen M. (2017). Overview of
the development and mission application of the advanced electric propulsion system (AEPS). 35th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2017-284).
Herscovitz J., Appel L., Barnett D., Baron D., Davidson A., Gontmacher P., Kedem M., Lev D., Merenstein A., Rabinovich L.,
Reiner D., Salama O., Amit-Shapira Y., Shechter Y., Shoor B., Warshavsky A., Zhuravel N. (2017). VENμS — A novel technological
mission using electric propulsion. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-213).
Herscovitz J., Karnieli A. (2008). VENμS program: Broad and new horizons for super-spectral imaging and electric propulsion
missions for a small satellite. 22nd Annual AIAA/USU Conf. on Small Satellites (SSC08-III-1).
Herscovitz J., Lev D., Shoor B., Katz-Franco D., Berkman S., Baron D., Adler S. (2019). VENμS -- Updates on technological
mission using the Israeli Hall eff ect thruster (IHET). 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-607).
Herscovitz J., Zuckerman Z., Lev D. (2017). LiteEPS — A new aff ordable system developed at Rafael for large LEO constellations.
36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-212).
Ibrahim O. (2024). Electrical orbit raising: infl uence of thrusters in geostationary satellite deployment. ASES Int. Malatya
Scientifi c Res. Conf..
Infed F., Rath M., Shipely K., Peres J., Hutchins M., Wollenhaupt B., Peukert M., Velasco R., Palencia J., Gürlich Ch., Rudnik
K., Hartmann H-P., Gabriel S., Golosnoy I., Guarducci F. (2017). Gridded ion engine standardised electric propulsion platforms.
35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-552).
Jackson J., Allen M., Myers R., Hoskins A., Soendker E., Welander B., Hall S., Gallimore A., Jorns B., Hofer R., Goebel D., Pencil
E. (2017). 100 kW nested Hall thruster system development. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-219).
Jackson J., Miller S., Cassady J., Soendker E., Welander B., Barber M., Peterson P. Y. (2019). 13kW advanced electric propulsion
fl ight system development and qualifi cation. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-223).
Jackson J., Miller S., Cassady J., Soendker E., Welander B., Barber M., Peterson P. Y. (2019). 13kW advanced electric propulsion
fl ight system development and qualifi cation. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-692).
Jameson-Silva K., Delgado J., Liang R., Lord P., Rotlisburger L., Torres M., Waranauskas J. (2017). Adaptability of the SSL
electric propulsion-140 subsystem for use on a NASA discovery class missions: psyche. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2017-181).
Johnson I., Hoang B., Beyene S., Maurya A., Simka T., Corey R., Wright P., Way S. (2025). Multi-month electric orbit raising
with SPT-140’s and roll out solar arrays. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-428).
Jonson I., Kay E., Lee T. (2017). New avenues for research and development of electric propulsion thrusters at SSL. 35th Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-400).
Kajiwara K., Ikeda M., Kohata H., Ozaki T. (2009). ETS- ion engine and its operation on orbit. 31st Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2009-048).
Katz Franco D., Shoor B., Davidson A., Zimmerman R., Appel L., Rinski V., Lev D. (2024). On-orbit mission overview of the
low power Hall thruster propulsion system aboard VENμS satellite. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-688).
Kawahara H., Asakawa J., Yaginuma K., Koizumi H., Funase R., Komurasaki K. (2015). Ground experiment for the small
unifi ed propulsion system: I-COUPS installed on the small space probe: PROCYON. 34th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2015-460).
Kerl T., Lenguito G., Aghazadeh F., Malone S., Snyder S., Chaplin V. H. (2020). Maxar electric propulsion development for
deep space. AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.
org/10.2514/6.2020-3605
Khoo K. S., Laterza M., Ong K. M., Sujith H., Yeoh J. D., Lim J. W. M. (2025). Second-generation of a compact Xe propellant
management assembly for low power Hall thrusters. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-265).
Khoo K., Laterza M., Pontianus N., Ong K., Portivitu G-C., Lim W., Yli-Opas P., Ohls O., Laurial H., Hanski E., Sanroman M.,
Tollet A., Vilenius V., Sievinen J. (2024). MUSIC Hall eff ect thruster and ARM resistojets as a multi-modal electric propulsion
engine (MEPE): product concept, system design development, and fl ight qualifi cation. 9th Space Propulsion Conf.
(SP2024-232).
Killinger R., Bassner H., Kienlein G., Müller J. (1999). Electric propulsion system for ARTEMIS. 26th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-1999-054).
Kim Y., Seongmin K., Jeong Y., Seon,J., Wee J., Yoon H., Lee J., Seo M., Choi W. (2009). Development of xenon feed system for
a 300 W Hall-eff ect thruster. 31st Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2009-061).
King P., Lichtin D. (2005). Overview of major U.S. industrial electric propulsion programs (Report No. PKT-9586-05). Moog,
Inc. URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA437442.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025)
development of the advanced electric propulsion system (AEPS). 68th Int. Astronautical Congress (IAC-17.C4.4.2).
Herman D., Tofi l T., Santiago W., Kamhawi H., Polk J., Snyder J., Hofer R., Picha F., Jackson J., Allen M. (2017). Overview of
the development and mission application of the advanced electric propulsion system (AEPS). 35th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2017-284).
Herscovitz J., Appel L., Barnett D., Baron D., Davidson A., Gontmacher P., Kedem M., Lev D., Merenstein A., Rabinovich L.,
Reiner D., Salama O., Amit-Shapira Y., Shechter Y., Shoor B., Warshavsky A., Zhuravel N. (2017). VENμS — A novel technological
mission using electric propulsion. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-213).
Herscovitz J., Karnieli A. (2008). VENμS program: Broad and new horizons for super-spectral imaging and electric propulsion
missions for a small satellite. 22nd Annual AIAA/USU Conf. on Small Satellites (SSC08-III-1).
Herscovitz J., Lev D., Shoor B., Katz-Franco D., Berkman S., Baron D., Adler S. (2019). VENμS -- Updates on technological
mission using the Israeli Hall eff ect thruster (IHET). 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-607).
Herscovitz J., Zuckerman Z., Lev D. (2017). LiteEPS — A new aff ordable system developed at Rafael for large LEO constellations.
36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-212).
Ibrahim O. (2024). Electrical orbit raising: infl uence of thrusters in geostationary satellite deployment. ASES Int. Malatya
Scientifi c Res. Conf..
Infed F., Rath M., Shipely K., Peres J., Hutchins M., Wollenhaupt B., Peukert M., Velasco R., Palencia J., Gürlich Ch., Rudnik
K., Hartmann H-P., Gabriel S., Golosnoy I., Guarducci F. (2017). Gridded ion engine standardised electric propulsion platforms.
35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-552).
Jackson J., Allen M., Myers R., Hoskins A., Soendker E., Welander B., Hall S., Gallimore A., Jorns B., Hofer R., Goebel D., Pencil
E. (2017). 100 kW nested Hall thruster system development. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-219).
Jackson J., Miller S., Cassady J., Soendker E., Welander B., Barber M., Peterson P. Y. (2019). 13kW advanced electric propulsion
fl ight system development and qualifi cation. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-223).
Jackson J., Miller S., Cassady J., Soendker E., Welander B., Barber M., Peterson P. Y. (2019). 13kW advanced electric propulsion
fl ight system development and qualifi cation. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-692).
Jameson-Silva K., Delgado J., Liang R., Lord P., Rotlisburger L., Torres M., Waranauskas J. (2017). Adaptability of the SSL
electric propulsion-140 subsystem for use on a NASA discovery class missions: psyche. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2017-181).
Johnson I., Hoang B., Beyene S., Maurya A., Simka T., Corey R., Wright P., Way S. (2025). Multi-month electric orbit raising
with SPT-140’s and roll out solar arrays. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-428).
Jonson I., Kay E., Lee T. (2017). New avenues for research and development of electric propulsion thrusters at SSL. 35th Int.
Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-400).
Kajiwara K., Ikeda M., Kohata H., Ozaki T. (2009). ETS- ion engine and its operation on orbit. 31st Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2009-048).
Katz Franco D., Shoor B., Davidson A., Zimmerman R., Appel L., Rinski V., Lev D. (2024). On-orbit mission overview of the
low power Hall thruster propulsion system aboard VENμS satellite. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-688).
Kawahara H., Asakawa J., Yaginuma K., Koizumi H., Funase R., Komurasaki K. (2015). Ground experiment for the small
unifi ed propulsion system: I-COUPS installed on the small space probe: PROCYON. 34th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2015-460).
Kerl T., Lenguito G., Aghazadeh F., Malone S., Snyder S., Chaplin V. H. (2020). Maxar electric propulsion development for
deep space. AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.
org/10.2514/6.2020-3605
Khoo K. S., Laterza M., Ong K. M., Sujith H., Yeoh J. D., Lim J. W. M. (2025). Second-generation of a compact Xe propellant
management assembly for low power Hall thrusters. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-265).
Khoo K., Laterza M., Pontianus N., Ong K., Portivitu G-C., Lim W., Yli-Opas P., Ohls O., Laurial H., Hanski E., Sanroman M.,
Tollet A., Vilenius V., Sievinen J. (2024). MUSIC Hall eff ect thruster and ARM resistojets as a multi-modal electric propulsion
engine (MEPE): product concept, system design development, and fl ight qualifi cation. 9th Space Propulsion Conf.
(SP2024-232).
Killinger R., Bassner H., Kienlein G., Müller J. (1999). Electric propulsion system for ARTEMIS. 26th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-1999-054).
Kim Y., Seongmin K., Jeong Y., Seon,J., Wee J., Yoon H., Lee J., Seo M., Choi W. (2009). Development of xenon feed system for
a 300 W Hall-eff ect thruster. 31st Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2009-061).
King P., Lichtin D. (2005). Overview of major U.S. industrial electric propulsion programs (Report No. PKT-9586-05). Moog,
Inc. URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA437442.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025)
Kirch P., Blonde E., Dandaleix L., Loubere D., Martin A-S., Merdinian M., Stoll T., Collingwood C. (2024). XPRU and XFCU
coupling test for MSR-ERO. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-672).
Kitaeva A., Di Sarli A., Giusti N., Pisano V., Pieri L., Cecconi M., Binetti C., Torre L., Gregucci S., Cardelli M., Ciampini D.
(2024). SITAEL HT5k and HT20k propulsion systems readiness. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-726).
Koizumi H., Inagaki T., Kasagi Y., Naoi T., Hayashi T., Funase R., Komurasaki K. (2014). Unifi ed propulsion system to explore
near-earth asteroids by a 50 kg spacecraft . Small Satellite Conf. (SSC14-VI-6).
Koizumi H., Kawahara H., Yaginuma K., Asakawa J., Funase R., Komurasaki K. (2015). In-fl ight operation of the miniature
propulsion system installed on small space probe: PROCYON. 34th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2015-276).
Koizumi H., Kawahara H., Yaginuma K., Asakawa J., Nakagawa Y., Nakamura Y., Kojima S., Matsuguma T., Funase R., Nakatsuka
J., Komurasaki K. (2016). Initial fl ight operations of the miniature propulsion system installed on small space probe:
PROCYON. Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aerospace Technology Japan, 14(30),
13—22. https://doi.org/10.2322/tastj.14.pb_13
Koizumi H., Komurasaki K., Arakawa Y. (2012). Development of the miniature ion propulsion system for 50 kg small spacecraft
. 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3949
Koizumi H., Komurasaki K., Aoyama J., Yamaguchi K. (2014). Engineering model of the miniature ion propulsion system for
the nano-satellite: HODOYOSHI-4. Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aerospace Technology
Japan, 12(29), 19—24. https://doi.org/10.2322/tastj.12.tb_19
Koizumi H., Komurasaki K., Aoyama J., Yamaguchi K. (2018). Development and fl ight operation of a miniature ion propulsion
system. J. Propulsion and Power, 34(4), 960—968. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b36459
Koppel C., Marchandise F., Estublier D. (2004). Robust pressure regulation system for the SMART-1 electric propulsion subsystem.
40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3977
Koppel C., Marchandise F., Estublier D., Jolivet L. (2004). Th e SMART-1 electric propulsion subsystem in fl ight experience.
40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3435
Koppel C., Rathsman P., Borrajo-Pelaez R., Demairé A., Estublier D. (2017). Enhancement of the PVT (pressure, volume, temperature)
method for xenon gauging of electric propulsion by the use of an EMA (exponential moving average) method.
35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-553).
Kostin A. N., Lovtsov A. S., Vasin A. I., Vorovtsov V. V. (2013). Development and qualifi cation of Hall thruster KM-60 and the
fl ow control unit. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-055).
Krebs G. D. (n.d.). Gunter’s Space Page. URL: https://space.skyrocket.de/index.html (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Kuiper J., Deijs R., Maas R., Koopmans R-J., Put P. (2025). Qualifi cation status and prospects of the low power fl uid management
systems. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-686).
Kutufa N., Ziegler B., Luebberstedt H., Demairé A., Ierardo N. (2010). Small GEO platform propulsion system overview. Space
Propulsion Conf. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281235960_Small_GEO_Platform_Pr...
Overview
Lascombes P., Montès M., Fiorentino A., Gelu T., Fillastre M., Gurciullo A. (2021). Lessons learnt from operating the fi rst
CubeSat mission equipped with a hall thruster. 35th Small Satellite Conf. (SSC21-XI-01).
Laterza M., Agarwal D., Pontianus N., Ong W. X. J., Ali S. G., Khoo K. S., Lim J. W. M. (2024). Design, testing and qualifi cation
of MUSIC propulsion system for ELITE small satellite mission to very low Earth orbit. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2024-583).
Laterza M., Khoo K., Lim W., Ali S., Ong K., Agarwal D., Lim J. (2024). Development of a compact xenon propellant management
assembly for low-power Hall eff ect thrusters: system design, hardware prototype, and pressure qualifi cation. 9th Space
Propulsion Conf. (SP2024-097).
Lauer D., Valles P., Dietz C. (2022). From GIESEPP to GIESEPP MP — Gridded ion engine standardized electric propulsion
platforms: Programme status 2022. Space Propulsion Conf. (SP2022-338).
Lee E., Lee H., Moon Y., Kang S., Kim Y., Jeong Y., Cerrón M. L. (2018). Development of robust and aff ordable xenon feed unit
for Hall eff ect propulsion systems. Space Propulsion Conf. (SP2018-00007).
Lee H., Lee E., Choi S., So S., Kim E., Kang S., Cerrón M. (2018). Development of low power Hall eff ect propulsion system with
improved system effi ciency for small satellite applications. Space Propulsion Conf. (SP2018-00181).
Lee J., Kim D. H., Lee J. C., So S., Kim Y., Sirl Y., Son M., Shin D., Yoon H. (2022). Development of compact xenon feeding unit
for 100W class hall eff ect propulsion system. Space Propulsion Conf. 2022 (SP2022-069).
Leiter H., Lauer D., Bauer P., Rath M., Dietz C. (2021). Ariane Group electric propulsion 2021 — An overview. Space Propulsion
Conf. 2020+1 (SP2020-0033).
coupling test for MSR-ERO. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-672).
Kitaeva A., Di Sarli A., Giusti N., Pisano V., Pieri L., Cecconi M., Binetti C., Torre L., Gregucci S., Cardelli M., Ciampini D.
(2024). SITAEL HT5k and HT20k propulsion systems readiness. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-726).
Koizumi H., Inagaki T., Kasagi Y., Naoi T., Hayashi T., Funase R., Komurasaki K. (2014). Unifi ed propulsion system to explore
near-earth asteroids by a 50 kg spacecraft . Small Satellite Conf. (SSC14-VI-6).
Koizumi H., Kawahara H., Yaginuma K., Asakawa J., Funase R., Komurasaki K. (2015). In-fl ight operation of the miniature
propulsion system installed on small space probe: PROCYON. 34th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2015-276).
Koizumi H., Kawahara H., Yaginuma K., Asakawa J., Nakagawa Y., Nakamura Y., Kojima S., Matsuguma T., Funase R., Nakatsuka
J., Komurasaki K. (2016). Initial fl ight operations of the miniature propulsion system installed on small space probe:
PROCYON. Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aerospace Technology Japan, 14(30),
13—22. https://doi.org/10.2322/tastj.14.pb_13
Koizumi H., Komurasaki K., Arakawa Y. (2012). Development of the miniature ion propulsion system for 50 kg small spacecraft
. 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3949
Koizumi H., Komurasaki K., Aoyama J., Yamaguchi K. (2014). Engineering model of the miniature ion propulsion system for
the nano-satellite: HODOYOSHI-4. Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aerospace Technology
Japan, 12(29), 19—24. https://doi.org/10.2322/tastj.12.tb_19
Koizumi H., Komurasaki K., Aoyama J., Yamaguchi K. (2018). Development and fl ight operation of a miniature ion propulsion
system. J. Propulsion and Power, 34(4), 960—968. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b36459
Koppel C., Marchandise F., Estublier D. (2004). Robust pressure regulation system for the SMART-1 electric propulsion subsystem.
40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3977
Koppel C., Marchandise F., Estublier D., Jolivet L. (2004). Th e SMART-1 electric propulsion subsystem in fl ight experience.
40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3435
Koppel C., Rathsman P., Borrajo-Pelaez R., Demairé A., Estublier D. (2017). Enhancement of the PVT (pressure, volume, temperature)
method for xenon gauging of electric propulsion by the use of an EMA (exponential moving average) method.
35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-553).
Kostin A. N., Lovtsov A. S., Vasin A. I., Vorovtsov V. V. (2013). Development and qualifi cation of Hall thruster KM-60 and the
fl ow control unit. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2013-055).
Krebs G. D. (n.d.). Gunter’s Space Page. URL: https://space.skyrocket.de/index.html (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Kuiper J., Deijs R., Maas R., Koopmans R-J., Put P. (2025). Qualifi cation status and prospects of the low power fl uid management
systems. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-686).
Kutufa N., Ziegler B., Luebberstedt H., Demairé A., Ierardo N. (2010). Small GEO platform propulsion system overview. Space
Propulsion Conf. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281235960_Small_GEO_Platform_Pr...
Overview
Lascombes P., Montès M., Fiorentino A., Gelu T., Fillastre M., Gurciullo A. (2021). Lessons learnt from operating the fi rst
CubeSat mission equipped with a hall thruster. 35th Small Satellite Conf. (SSC21-XI-01).
Laterza M., Agarwal D., Pontianus N., Ong W. X. J., Ali S. G., Khoo K. S., Lim J. W. M. (2024). Design, testing and qualifi cation
of MUSIC propulsion system for ELITE small satellite mission to very low Earth orbit. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2024-583).
Laterza M., Khoo K., Lim W., Ali S., Ong K., Agarwal D., Lim J. (2024). Development of a compact xenon propellant management
assembly for low-power Hall eff ect thrusters: system design, hardware prototype, and pressure qualifi cation. 9th Space
Propulsion Conf. (SP2024-097).
Lauer D., Valles P., Dietz C. (2022). From GIESEPP to GIESEPP MP — Gridded ion engine standardized electric propulsion
platforms: Programme status 2022. Space Propulsion Conf. (SP2022-338).
Lee E., Lee H., Moon Y., Kang S., Kim Y., Jeong Y., Cerrón M. L. (2018). Development of robust and aff ordable xenon feed unit
for Hall eff ect propulsion systems. Space Propulsion Conf. (SP2018-00007).
Lee H., Lee E., Choi S., So S., Kim E., Kang S., Cerrón M. (2018). Development of low power Hall eff ect propulsion system with
improved system effi ciency for small satellite applications. Space Propulsion Conf. (SP2018-00181).
Lee J., Kim D. H., Lee J. C., So S., Kim Y., Sirl Y., Son M., Shin D., Yoon H. (2022). Development of compact xenon feeding unit
for 100W class hall eff ect propulsion system. Space Propulsion Conf. 2022 (SP2022-069).
Leiter H., Lauer D., Bauer P., Rath M., Dietz C. (2021). Ariane Group electric propulsion 2021 — An overview. Space Propulsion
Conf. 2020+1 (SP2020-0033).
Lenguito G., Neff K., Barbarits J., Snyder J., Chaplin V. (2019). Versatile xenon fl ow controller for extended hall eff ect thruster
power range. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-303).
Lev D., Myers R., Lemmer K., Kolbeck J., Koizumi H., Polzin K. (2019). Th e technological and commercial expansion of electric
propulsion. Acta Astronautica, 159, 213—227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.03.058
Lev D., Zimmerman R., Shoor B., Appel L., Ben-Ephraim M., Herscovitz J., Epstein O. (2019). Electric propulsion activities at
Rafael in 2019. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-600).
Li Z., Liu Z., Song F., Li Z., Liu Y., Peng Z., Zhang L., (2024). Design and experimental verifi cation of a wide range and highprecision
storage and supply control system. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-687).
Li Z., Song F., Liu Z., Liu Y., Li Z., Peng Z., Yu H. (2024). Analysis and experimental research on the impact of BangBang valve
switch on the fl ow rate of the storage and supply system. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-682).
Liang K., Yang J., Guo N., Wang X., Gao J., Wu T., Wang M., Liu J., Guo Y., Zhang X. (2025). Development of 200W--800 W
Hall electric propulsion subsystem in LIP. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-664).
Loghry C., Oleson S., Woytach J., Martini M., Smith D., Fittje J., Turnbull E. (2017). LEO to GEO (and beyond) transfers using
high power solar electric propulsion (HP-SEP). 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-369).
Lopez P., Dandaleix L., Lebeau S., Misdariis A., Dalmon A., Stoll T., Blonde E., Jaulent P., Sentenac C., Malet F. (2024). Airbus
Defence and space electric propulsion fl uidic chains transformation achievements and needs. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2024-349).
Lucy M., Hardy R., Kist E., Watson J., Wise S. (1996). Report on alternative devices to pyrotechnics on spacecraft (NASA Technical
Memorandum No. NASA-TM-110470). NASA Langley Research Center.
Lynn P., Osborn M., Sankovic J., Caveny L. (1997). Electric propulsion demonstration module (EPDM) fl ight Hall thruster
system. 25th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-97-100).
Lyszyk M., Baubias P., Naulin A., Pin R., Lecardonnel L. (2011). XPS plasma propulsion system on AlphaBus. 32nd Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2011-118).
Lyszyk M., Lecardonnel L. (2007). Th ales Alenia Space experience on plasma propulsion. 30th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2007-301).
Milligan D., Gestal D., Pardo-Voss P., Camino O., Estublier D., Koppel C. (2005). SMART-1 electric propulsion operational
experience. 29th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2005-245).
Misuri T., Albertoni R., Ducci C., Andrenucci M., Waldvogel B., Herscovitz, J., Shimshon, A., Di Cara, D. (2015). MEPS programme
-- Development of a low power, low cost HET for small satellites. Space Propulsion Conf.e (SP2014-2969515).
Misuri T., Ducci C., Benetti L., Andrenucci M., Waldvogel B., Lev D., Alon G., Herscovitz J., Dannenmayer K. (2016). MEPS
engineering model development and test. Space Propulsion Conf. (SP2016-3124638).
Misuri T., Ducci C., Benetti L., Pedrini D., Andrenucci M., Dannenmayer K. (2017). MEPS project — engineering model development
and testing status. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-246).
MOOG (n.d.). Mechanical regulators for electric propulsion. URL: https://www.moog.com/content/dam/moog/literature/sdg/
space/propulsion/moog-mechanical-regulators-for-electric-propulsion.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
MOOG Space and Defense Group. (n.d.). Pressure management assembly. URL: https://www.moog.com/content/dam/moog/
literature/sdg/space/propulsion/moog-pressure-management-assembly-datasheet.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
MOOG (n.d.). Pressure Regulation Assembly (PRA). URL: https://www.moog.com/products/propulsion/space-propulsion/
spacecraft -propulsion/systems-and-subsystems/pressure-regulation-assembly.html (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
MOOG (n.d.). Xenon loading cart. URL: https://device.report/m/b1d019e775eb270cd25f780ebf7d837cd4c633cd280bb6275f7
ba721f404e864.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Naclerio S., Avezuela R., Perez R., Demairé A., Andersson B. , Kutufa N. (2010). Development of a propellant supply assembly
for small GEO. Space Propulsion Conf.
Naclerio S., Salvador J., Such E., Avezuela R., Vara R. (2012). Small GEO xenon propellant supply assembly pressure
regulator panel: test results and comparison with EcosimPro predictions. 3rd edition of the Int. Conf. on Space Propulsion
(SP20122355255).
Neff K., Meinhold R., Curry J. (2024). A Flexible approach for electric propulsion pressure regulation. 38th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-160).
Nishida E., Ozaki T., Kasai Y., Gotoh Y., Ikeda M., Kajiwara K. (1999). Development of xenon ion engine subsystem for ETSVIII.
26th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1999-053).
Nishiyama K., Hosoda S., Ueno K., Kuninaka H. (2011). Th e ion engine system for Hayabusa2. 32nd Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (EPC-2011-309).
Nishiyama K., Hosoda S., Ueno K., Tsukizaki R., Kuninaka H. (2015). Development and testing of the Hayabusa2 ion engine
system. 30th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2015-333).
power range. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-303).
Lev D., Myers R., Lemmer K., Kolbeck J., Koizumi H., Polzin K. (2019). Th e technological and commercial expansion of electric
propulsion. Acta Astronautica, 159, 213—227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.03.058
Lev D., Zimmerman R., Shoor B., Appel L., Ben-Ephraim M., Herscovitz J., Epstein O. (2019). Electric propulsion activities at
Rafael in 2019. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-600).
Li Z., Liu Z., Song F., Li Z., Liu Y., Peng Z., Zhang L., (2024). Design and experimental verifi cation of a wide range and highprecision
storage and supply control system. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-687).
Li Z., Song F., Liu Z., Liu Y., Li Z., Peng Z., Yu H. (2024). Analysis and experimental research on the impact of BangBang valve
switch on the fl ow rate of the storage and supply system. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-682).
Liang K., Yang J., Guo N., Wang X., Gao J., Wu T., Wang M., Liu J., Guo Y., Zhang X. (2025). Development of 200W--800 W
Hall electric propulsion subsystem in LIP. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-664).
Loghry C., Oleson S., Woytach J., Martini M., Smith D., Fittje J., Turnbull E. (2017). LEO to GEO (and beyond) transfers using
high power solar electric propulsion (HP-SEP). 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-369).
Lopez P., Dandaleix L., Lebeau S., Misdariis A., Dalmon A., Stoll T., Blonde E., Jaulent P., Sentenac C., Malet F. (2024). Airbus
Defence and space electric propulsion fl uidic chains transformation achievements and needs. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2024-349).
Lucy M., Hardy R., Kist E., Watson J., Wise S. (1996). Report on alternative devices to pyrotechnics on spacecraft (NASA Technical
Memorandum No. NASA-TM-110470). NASA Langley Research Center.
Lynn P., Osborn M., Sankovic J., Caveny L. (1997). Electric propulsion demonstration module (EPDM) fl ight Hall thruster
system. 25th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-97-100).
Lyszyk M., Baubias P., Naulin A., Pin R., Lecardonnel L. (2011). XPS plasma propulsion system on AlphaBus. 32nd Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2011-118).
Lyszyk M., Lecardonnel L. (2007). Th ales Alenia Space experience on plasma propulsion. 30th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2007-301).
Milligan D., Gestal D., Pardo-Voss P., Camino O., Estublier D., Koppel C. (2005). SMART-1 electric propulsion operational
experience. 29th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2005-245).
Misuri T., Albertoni R., Ducci C., Andrenucci M., Waldvogel B., Herscovitz, J., Shimshon, A., Di Cara, D. (2015). MEPS programme
-- Development of a low power, low cost HET for small satellites. Space Propulsion Conf.e (SP2014-2969515).
Misuri T., Ducci C., Benetti L., Andrenucci M., Waldvogel B., Lev D., Alon G., Herscovitz J., Dannenmayer K. (2016). MEPS
engineering model development and test. Space Propulsion Conf. (SP2016-3124638).
Misuri T., Ducci C., Benetti L., Pedrini D., Andrenucci M., Dannenmayer K. (2017). MEPS project — engineering model development
and testing status. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2017-246).
MOOG (n.d.). Mechanical regulators for electric propulsion. URL: https://www.moog.com/content/dam/moog/literature/sdg/
space/propulsion/moog-mechanical-regulators-for-electric-propulsion.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
MOOG Space and Defense Group. (n.d.). Pressure management assembly. URL: https://www.moog.com/content/dam/moog/
literature/sdg/space/propulsion/moog-pressure-management-assembly-datasheet.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
MOOG (n.d.). Pressure Regulation Assembly (PRA). URL: https://www.moog.com/products/propulsion/space-propulsion/
spacecraft -propulsion/systems-and-subsystems/pressure-regulation-assembly.html (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
MOOG (n.d.). Xenon loading cart. URL: https://device.report/m/b1d019e775eb270cd25f780ebf7d837cd4c633cd280bb6275f7
ba721f404e864.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Naclerio S., Avezuela R., Perez R., Demairé A., Andersson B. , Kutufa N. (2010). Development of a propellant supply assembly
for small GEO. Space Propulsion Conf.
Naclerio S., Salvador J., Such E., Avezuela R., Vara R. (2012). Small GEO xenon propellant supply assembly pressure
regulator panel: test results and comparison with EcosimPro predictions. 3rd edition of the Int. Conf. on Space Propulsion
(SP20122355255).
Neff K., Meinhold R., Curry J. (2024). A Flexible approach for electric propulsion pressure regulation. 38th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-160).
Nishida E., Ozaki T., Kasai Y., Gotoh Y., Ikeda M., Kajiwara K. (1999). Development of xenon ion engine subsystem for ETSVIII.
26th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1999-053).
Nishiyama K., Hosoda S., Ueno K., Kuninaka H. (2011). Th e ion engine system for Hayabusa2. 32nd Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (EPC-2011-309).
Nishiyama K., Hosoda S., Ueno K., Tsukizaki R., Kuninaka H. (2015). Development and testing of the Hayabusa2 ion engine
system. 30th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2015-333).
Nishiyama K., Hosoda S., Ueno K., Tsukizaki R., Kuninaka H. (2016). Development and testing of the Hayabusa2 ion engine
system. Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aerospace Technology Japan, 14(30), 131—140.
https://doi.org/10.2322/tastj.14.pb_131
Nordling K., Kestilä A., Hänninen H., Sinkkonen A., Kajaste J. (2015). Small satellite constellation electric propulsion fl uidics
system. 34th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2015-367).
Osborn M. F., Lynn P., Sutton R., Sota, C. (1997). RHETT/EPDM fl ight xenon fl ow system development. 25th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-97-105).
Ozaki T., Kasai Y., Nakagawa T., Itoh T., Kajiwara K., Ikeda M. (2007). In orbit operation of 20 mN class xenon ion engine for
ETS-VIII. 30th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2007-084).
Park D., Park J., Lee J., Kim S., Choe W. (2025). In-Orbit demonstration mission of a miniature hall thruster using the 3U
CubeSat K-HERO. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-575).
Patterson M., Benson S. (2007). NEXT ion propulsion system development status and performance. 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/
ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-
5199
Petrenko O., Yurkov B., Voronovskyi D., Tolok S., Troyan A. (2020). Long lifetime solenoid valve for electric propulsion
systems. 7th Space Propulsion Conf. (SP2020_00272).
Piragino A., Mehaute D. L., Gerard T., Briges A., Bobon P., Guyon V., Krzymuski T., Lecervoisier A., Basso A. L., Richard A.-
M., Pouleau E., Vial V., Duchemin O., Lemoine G., Prost J. F., Kuiper J., Koopmans R.-J. (2025). Safran’s EPS-X00 low power
system: latest development and qualifi cation tests. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-526).
Polk J., Kakuda R., Anderson J., Brophy J., Rawlin V., Patterson M., Sovey J., Hamley J. (2001). Performance of the NSTAR
ion propulsion system on the Deep Space One mission. 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. American Institute of
Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-965
Porst J. P., Altmann C., Arnold C., Kuhmann J., Syring C., Leiter H. J., Berger M., Soto A., Herty F., Scholze F., Eichhorn C.,
Bundesmann C. (2017). Th e RIT 2X propulsion system: current development status. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2017-505).
Porst J. P., Dietz C., Abele M. (2019). EP GEO propulsion platform. 3rd Int. Conf. on Vision, Image and Signal Processing, 1—6.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3387168.3387227
Porte F., Saint-Aubert P., Mawby D., Hsing J. (1993). Application of ion propulsion system to communications satellites. 23rd
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1993-015).
Rafael. (2024). Rafael space propulsion catalogue. URL: https://www.rafael.co.il/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/RAFAELSPACE-
CATALOG-2024_compressed.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Renault H., Silvi M., Bohnhoff K., Gray H. (1997). Electric propulsion on ARTEMIS: a development status. European Spacecraft
Propulsion Conf., 398, 115.
Rothaus S., Harmann H. P., Kopp T. (2013). μFCU — results of a prequalifi cation test campaign. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2013-228).
Scremin G., Pont C., Kirch P., Dickeli G., Ferrari G., Gray H. (2024). 20 years of electric propulsion in-fl ight experience on
Airbus satellites. 8th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-369).
Shimada S., Gotoh Y., Takegahara H., Nagano H. (1991). Mass fl ow controller of ion engine system. 22nd Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-1991-109).
Shimada S., Satoh K., Gotoh Y., Nishida E., Takegahara H., Nakamaru K., Nagano H., Terada K. (1989). Ion engine system
development of ETS-VI. 22nd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1991-145).
Shimada S., Satoh K., Gotoh Y., Takegahara H., Nakamaru K., Nagano H. (1993). Development of ion engine system for ETSVI.
23rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1993-009).
Snyder J., Chaplin V., Goebel D., Hofer R., Lopez Ortega A., Mikellides I., Kerl T., Lenguito G., Aghazadeh F., Johnson I. (2020).
Electric propulsion for the Psyche mission: Development activities and status. AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum.
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3607
Snyder J., Goebel D., Chaplin V., Ortega A., Mikellides I., Aghazadeh F., Johnson I., Kerl T., Lenguito G. (2019). Electric
propulsion for the Psyche mission. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-244).
Snyder J., Randolph T., Hofer R., Goebel D. (2009). Simplifi ed ion thruster xenon feed system for NASA science missions. 31st
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2009-064).
Snyder S., Snyder J., Sereno V., Kerl T., Li J. (2022). Electric propulsion for the Psyche mission: system-level integration and
test. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2022-454).
Soendker E., Hablitzel S., Tolentino A., Welander B., Allen M., Jackson J. (2018). Power processing and fl ow control for a
100kW Hall thruster system. 2018 Joint Propulsion Conf. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.
org/10.2514/6.2018-4419
system. Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aerospace Technology Japan, 14(30), 131—140.
https://doi.org/10.2322/tastj.14.pb_131
Nordling K., Kestilä A., Hänninen H., Sinkkonen A., Kajaste J. (2015). Small satellite constellation electric propulsion fl uidics
system. 34th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2015-367).
Osborn M. F., Lynn P., Sutton R., Sota, C. (1997). RHETT/EPDM fl ight xenon fl ow system development. 25th Int. Electric
Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-97-105).
Ozaki T., Kasai Y., Nakagawa T., Itoh T., Kajiwara K., Ikeda M. (2007). In orbit operation of 20 mN class xenon ion engine for
ETS-VIII. 30th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2007-084).
Park D., Park J., Lee J., Kim S., Choe W. (2025). In-Orbit demonstration mission of a miniature hall thruster using the 3U
CubeSat K-HERO. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-575).
Patterson M., Benson S. (2007). NEXT ion propulsion system development status and performance. 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/
ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf. Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-
5199
Petrenko O., Yurkov B., Voronovskyi D., Tolok S., Troyan A. (2020). Long lifetime solenoid valve for electric propulsion
systems. 7th Space Propulsion Conf. (SP2020_00272).
Piragino A., Mehaute D. L., Gerard T., Briges A., Bobon P., Guyon V., Krzymuski T., Lecervoisier A., Basso A. L., Richard A.-
M., Pouleau E., Vial V., Duchemin O., Lemoine G., Prost J. F., Kuiper J., Koopmans R.-J. (2025). Safran’s EPS-X00 low power
system: latest development and qualifi cation tests. 39th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2025-526).
Polk J., Kakuda R., Anderson J., Brophy J., Rawlin V., Patterson M., Sovey J., Hamley J. (2001). Performance of the NSTAR
ion propulsion system on the Deep Space One mission. 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. American Institute of
Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-965
Porst J. P., Altmann C., Arnold C., Kuhmann J., Syring C., Leiter H. J., Berger M., Soto A., Herty F., Scholze F., Eichhorn C.,
Bundesmann C. (2017). Th e RIT 2X propulsion system: current development status. 35th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf.
(IEPC-2017-505).
Porst J. P., Dietz C., Abele M. (2019). EP GEO propulsion platform. 3rd Int. Conf. on Vision, Image and Signal Processing, 1—6.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3387168.3387227
Porte F., Saint-Aubert P., Mawby D., Hsing J. (1993). Application of ion propulsion system to communications satellites. 23rd
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1993-015).
Rafael. (2024). Rafael space propulsion catalogue. URL: https://www.rafael.co.il/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/RAFAELSPACE-
CATALOG-2024_compressed.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Renault H., Silvi M., Bohnhoff K., Gray H. (1997). Electric propulsion on ARTEMIS: a development status. European Spacecraft
Propulsion Conf., 398, 115.
Rothaus S., Harmann H. P., Kopp T. (2013). μFCU — results of a prequalifi cation test campaign. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2013-228).
Scremin G., Pont C., Kirch P., Dickeli G., Ferrari G., Gray H. (2024). 20 years of electric propulsion in-fl ight experience on
Airbus satellites. 8th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-369).
Shimada S., Gotoh Y., Takegahara H., Nagano H. (1991). Mass fl ow controller of ion engine system. 22nd Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-1991-109).
Shimada S., Satoh K., Gotoh Y., Nishida E., Takegahara H., Nakamaru K., Nagano H., Terada K. (1989). Ion engine system
development of ETS-VI. 22nd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1991-145).
Shimada S., Satoh K., Gotoh Y., Takegahara H., Nakamaru K., Nagano H. (1993). Development of ion engine system for ETSVI.
23rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-1993-009).
Snyder J., Chaplin V., Goebel D., Hofer R., Lopez Ortega A., Mikellides I., Kerl T., Lenguito G., Aghazadeh F., Johnson I. (2020).
Electric propulsion for the Psyche mission: Development activities and status. AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum.
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3607
Snyder J., Goebel D., Chaplin V., Ortega A., Mikellides I., Aghazadeh F., Johnson I., Kerl T., Lenguito G. (2019). Electric
propulsion for the Psyche mission. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2019-244).
Snyder J., Randolph T., Hofer R., Goebel D. (2009). Simplifi ed ion thruster xenon feed system for NASA science missions. 31st
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2009-064).
Snyder S., Snyder J., Sereno V., Kerl T., Li J. (2022). Electric propulsion for the Psyche mission: system-level integration and
test. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2022-454).
Soendker E., Hablitzel S., Tolentino A., Welander B., Allen M., Jackson J. (2018). Power processing and fl ow control for a
100kW Hall thruster system. 2018 Joint Propulsion Conf. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.
org/10.2514/6.2018-4419
Solway N., Coxhill I., Watts A. (2021). European electronic pressure regulator engineering model design test results. Space
Propulsion Conf. 2020+1 (SP2020-00208).
Sovey J., Soulas G., Herman D. (2011). NEXT propellant management system integration with multiple ion thrusters (NASA/
TM--2011-217040). Glenn Research Center.
Space Electric Th ruster Systems. (n.d.). Refl ecting on SETS’s 2024: Progress, achievements and partnerships. URL: https://sets.
space/refl ecting-on-sets-s-2024-progress-achievements-and-partnerships (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Space Electric Th ruster Systems. (n.d.). Xenon feed system. URL: https://sets.space/wp-content/themes/sets-space/images/
product-sheet/2023/XFS.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Steiger C., Montagnon E., Budnik F., Manganelli S., Altay A., Striedter F., Gray H. L., Bolter J., Wallace N., Sutherland O.
(2019). BepiColombo — solar electric propulsion system operations for the transit to Mercury. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2019-305).
Stephan J. (2000). Electric propulsion activities for Eurostar 3000. Spacecraft Propulsion, 465, 81.
Th ompson R., Gray H. (2005). Th e xenon regulator and feed system for electric propulsion systems. 29th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf., Princeton University (IEPC-2005-066).
Toki K., Kuninaka H., Nishiyama K., Shimizu Y. (2003). Flight readiness of the microwave ion engine system for MUSES-C
mission. 28th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2003-098).
Torre L., Gregucci S., Ducci C., Pedrini D., Pace G., Fontani L., Viciani A., Cocomazzi R., Cifali G., Manzini A., Dignani D.,
Corbelli A., Policarpo M., Stanzione V., Kutufà N., Santandrea S., Ferroni M., Di Clemente M. (2024). HT100 propulsion
system in-fl ight performance. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-701).
Uluşen D., Aydin B. Ç., Gülle I. S., Yurttaş Y., Çal B., Tsybulnyk A., Neugodnikov S., Cherkun O., Güllü S. (2019). Turkey’s
fi rst electric propulsion system developed in the very fi rst electric propulsion laboratory: TUBITAK UZAY’s HALE project
outcome. 9th Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 779—784. https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2019.8767433
Uluşen D., Aydın B. Ç., Yurttaş Y., Çal B., Tsybulnyk A., Neugodnikov S., Cherkun O., Güllü S. K. (2020). Performance
characteristics of Turkey’s fi rst 1,5 kW Hall thruster electric propulsion system. J. Aeronautics and Space Technologies, 13(2),
155—164.
Vacco Space Products. (n.d.). Xenon fl ow control module 09510000-01. URL: https://www.vacco.com/images/uploads/
pdfs/09510000-01_Xenon_Flow_Control_Module_Rev_B.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Van Noord J., Soulas G., Sovey J. (2009). NEXT PM1R ion thruster and propellant management system wear test results. 31st
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2009-163).
Van Put P., Van der List M. C. A. M., Yuce V. (2004). Development of an advanced proportional xenon feed assembly for the
GOCE spacecraft . 4th Int. Spacecraft Propulsion Conf., 555.
Vorontsov V., Kostin A., Lovtsov A., Volkov D., Ermoshkin Y., Yakimov E., Buldashev S. (2017). Development of KM-60
based orbit control propulsion subsystem for geostationary satellite. Procedia Engineering, 185, 319—325. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.310
Watts A. (2017). Electronic pressure regulator. Nammo Westcott Ltd ESA. URL: https://indico.esa.int/event/181/
contributions/1375/attachments/1331/1556/Nammo_Electronic_Pressure_Regulator_-_Clean_Space_26-10-17.pdf (Last
accessed: March 11, 2025).
Woodruff C., Parta M., Fox R., Carroll D., Su L., Gill T., Jorns B. (2024). CAMFlow-3 fl ow controller and Hall thruster testing.
38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-499).
Woodruff C., Parta M., Hejmanowski N., Carroll D., Su L., Gill T., Jorns B. (2022). Cycle automated mass fl ow (CAMFlow)
system for Hall thrusters. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC 2022-590).
Xiaolu K., Zhen Z., Caixia Q., Shuilin Y., Chenyi S. (2009). Hall electric propulsion system on technological test satellite
program. 31st Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2009-054).
Yan S., Jun G., Conglong M., Yanming W., Zhiming Z., Yiwei, L. (2013). Development and primary in-fl ight experience of
electric propulsion system on satellite SJ-9a. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC 2013-K).
Yermoshkin Yu., Zhitnik Yu., Ladygin A. (2015). Developing the equipment for storage and feeding of the working body to
spacecraft s electric propulsion systems. Reshetnev Readings, 1(19), 153—156.
Yurkov B., Asmolovskyi S. (2023). Improvement of xenon heating methods to prevent the liquid phase of the working substance
from entering the feed system. Technical mechanics, 3, 124—136. https://doi.org/10.15407/itm2023.03.124
Yurkov B., Asmolovskyi S., Pererva V., Voronovskyi D., Kulagin, S. (2023). Optimization of the accumulator tank fi lling modes
of the xenon feed system for electric propulsion system. Eastern-European J. Enterprise Technologies, 5(2 (125)), 78—86.
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.287007
Yurkov B., Petrenko O., Asmolovskyi S., Voronovskyi D., Kulagin S. (2023). Increasing the conversion accuracy of model gas
(Ar) consumption into xenon consumption when using capillary tubes in the working substance feed systems of electric
propulsion. Space Materials and Technologies, 29(5), 51—59. https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2023.05.051
Propulsion Conf. 2020+1 (SP2020-00208).
Sovey J., Soulas G., Herman D. (2011). NEXT propellant management system integration with multiple ion thrusters (NASA/
TM--2011-217040). Glenn Research Center.
Space Electric Th ruster Systems. (n.d.). Refl ecting on SETS’s 2024: Progress, achievements and partnerships. URL: https://sets.
space/refl ecting-on-sets-s-2024-progress-achievements-and-partnerships (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Space Electric Th ruster Systems. (n.d.). Xenon feed system. URL: https://sets.space/wp-content/themes/sets-space/images/
product-sheet/2023/XFS.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Steiger C., Montagnon E., Budnik F., Manganelli S., Altay A., Striedter F., Gray H. L., Bolter J., Wallace N., Sutherland O.
(2019). BepiColombo — solar electric propulsion system operations for the transit to Mercury. 36th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf. (IEPC-2019-305).
Stephan J. (2000). Electric propulsion activities for Eurostar 3000. Spacecraft Propulsion, 465, 81.
Th ompson R., Gray H. (2005). Th e xenon regulator and feed system for electric propulsion systems. 29th Int. Electric Propulsion
Conf., Princeton University (IEPC-2005-066).
Toki K., Kuninaka H., Nishiyama K., Shimizu Y. (2003). Flight readiness of the microwave ion engine system for MUSES-C
mission. 28th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2003-098).
Torre L., Gregucci S., Ducci C., Pedrini D., Pace G., Fontani L., Viciani A., Cocomazzi R., Cifali G., Manzini A., Dignani D.,
Corbelli A., Policarpo M., Stanzione V., Kutufà N., Santandrea S., Ferroni M., Di Clemente M. (2024). HT100 propulsion
system in-fl ight performance. 38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-701).
Uluşen D., Aydin B. Ç., Gülle I. S., Yurttaş Y., Çal B., Tsybulnyk A., Neugodnikov S., Cherkun O., Güllü S. (2019). Turkey’s
fi rst electric propulsion system developed in the very fi rst electric propulsion laboratory: TUBITAK UZAY’s HALE project
outcome. 9th Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 779—784. https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2019.8767433
Uluşen D., Aydın B. Ç., Yurttaş Y., Çal B., Tsybulnyk A., Neugodnikov S., Cherkun O., Güllü S. K. (2020). Performance
characteristics of Turkey’s fi rst 1,5 kW Hall thruster electric propulsion system. J. Aeronautics and Space Technologies, 13(2),
155—164.
Vacco Space Products. (n.d.). Xenon fl ow control module 09510000-01. URL: https://www.vacco.com/images/uploads/
pdfs/09510000-01_Xenon_Flow_Control_Module_Rev_B.pdf (Last accessed: March 11, 2025).
Van Noord J., Soulas G., Sovey J. (2009). NEXT PM1R ion thruster and propellant management system wear test results. 31st
Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2009-163).
Van Put P., Van der List M. C. A. M., Yuce V. (2004). Development of an advanced proportional xenon feed assembly for the
GOCE spacecraft . 4th Int. Spacecraft Propulsion Conf., 555.
Vorontsov V., Kostin A., Lovtsov A., Volkov D., Ermoshkin Y., Yakimov E., Buldashev S. (2017). Development of KM-60
based orbit control propulsion subsystem for geostationary satellite. Procedia Engineering, 185, 319—325. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.310
Watts A. (2017). Electronic pressure regulator. Nammo Westcott Ltd ESA. URL: https://indico.esa.int/event/181/
contributions/1375/attachments/1331/1556/Nammo_Electronic_Pressure_Regulator_-_Clean_Space_26-10-17.pdf (Last
accessed: March 11, 2025).
Woodruff C., Parta M., Fox R., Carroll D., Su L., Gill T., Jorns B. (2024). CAMFlow-3 fl ow controller and Hall thruster testing.
38th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2024-499).
Woodruff C., Parta M., Hejmanowski N., Carroll D., Su L., Gill T., Jorns B. (2022). Cycle automated mass fl ow (CAMFlow)
system for Hall thrusters. 37th Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC 2022-590).
Xiaolu K., Zhen Z., Caixia Q., Shuilin Y., Chenyi S. (2009). Hall electric propulsion system on technological test satellite
program. 31st Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC-2009-054).
Yan S., Jun G., Conglong M., Yanming W., Zhiming Z., Yiwei, L. (2013). Development and primary in-fl ight experience of
electric propulsion system on satellite SJ-9a. 33rd Int. Electric Propulsion Conf. (IEPC 2013-K).
Yermoshkin Yu., Zhitnik Yu., Ladygin A. (2015). Developing the equipment for storage and feeding of the working body to
spacecraft s electric propulsion systems. Reshetnev Readings, 1(19), 153—156.
Yurkov B., Asmolovskyi S. (2023). Improvement of xenon heating methods to prevent the liquid phase of the working substance
from entering the feed system. Technical mechanics, 3, 124—136. https://doi.org/10.15407/itm2023.03.124
Yurkov B., Asmolovskyi S., Pererva V., Voronovskyi D., Kulagin, S. (2023). Optimization of the accumulator tank fi lling modes
of the xenon feed system for electric propulsion system. Eastern-European J. Enterprise Technologies, 5(2 (125)), 78—86.
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.287007
Yurkov B., Petrenko O., Asmolovskyi S., Voronovskyi D., Kulagin S. (2023). Increasing the conversion accuracy of model gas
(Ar) consumption into xenon consumption when using capillary tubes in the working substance feed systems of electric
propulsion. Space Materials and Technologies, 29(5), 51—59. https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2023.05.051
Yurkov B., Petrenko O., Voronovskyi D., Andrey T. (2021). Test results of a high-speed solenoid valve for the electric propulsion
feed system. J. Rocket-Space Technology, 29(4), 72—80. https://doi.org/10.15421/452107
feed system. J. Rocket-Space Technology, 29(4), 72—80. https://doi.org/10.15421/452107