We discuss issues of the development of the low-Earth-orbit satellite system of the Internet of Things (IoT) that uses the “Distributed Satellite” architecture. The proposed satellite system combines a low-Earth-orbit satellite telecommunications system and the Internet of Things system. The first of them provides broadband Internet access for a wide range of consumers. The second one is designed to provide IoT services to delay-tolerant applications and delay-sensitive applications services’ users of the Internet of Things. In the paper, principles of the design of the Internet of Things low-Earth-orbit satellite system orbital segment are considered, and the features of applying the “Distributed Satellite” architecture in the low-Earth-orbit satellite system using micro-satellite and cube-satellite spacecraft are revealed.

                The service area formation method of the low-Earth-orbit satellite system is offered. This method takes into account the protection of geostationary systems and the repeated use of the allocated frequency resource. The ways of introduction of multiprotocol mode to transmit IoT information and to create the combined service areas have been identified. A solution is proposed for the implementation of the concept of “Fog Computing” by including specialized satellite computers to the orbital segment of the low-Earth-orbit satellite system. The main task of their including is to form the own computing capacity within the satellite system orbital segment. The possibility of combining the satellite computers into a single peer-to-peer computing network and thus creating a distributed computing network directly in the orbit has been studied. The composition of the database stored in the orbital distributed computing network is determined. The directions of information flows associated with the maintenance and updating of the database are studied. The algorithm of computational load balancing of excess computing load is proposed.